Detailed Usage | Benchmarks of geodesic accuracy | Performance comparison

What is a segment? | The cost of sealed geometry | What becomes easy | The full topology | Cycles and winding | The round trip | Integration: triangulation | Segments in movement data | Why this matters now | The lineage | Further reading

Why topology? | Basic workflow | Establish topology | Inspect the raw state | Access the pool components | Merge coincident vertices | Adjacency discovery | Shared edges | Internal boundaries | Neighbour graph | Ring and cycle analysis | Find closed cycles | Classify by winding | Arc-node topology | Round-trip to WKT | Triangulation integration | RTriangle (PSLG) | Subsetting and combining | Visualization | Related Work | Core topology/vertex-pool (hypertidy ecosystem) | Mesh/triangulation | Adjacency (computed, not stored)

What is vaster? | The Virtual Grid Model | Cell Numbering Convention | Resolution and Origin | Extent Properties | Coordinate Arrays | Comparison with raster/terra | Next Steps

Overview | Cell Indexing | Cells ↔ Coordinates | From cells to coordinates | From coordinates to cells | Cells ↔ Row/Column | From cells to row/column | From row/column to cells | Rows/Columns ↔ Coordinates | Cells ↔ Extents | Extent from cells | Cells from extent | Handling Invalid Inputs | Practical Example: Sampling Grid Points | See Also

Overview | The Alignment Problem | align_extent() | snap_extent() | Grid Origin | vcrop() | intersect_extent() | extent_dimension() | Practical Example: Pre-computing Crop Parameters | GDAL Integration | Summary

Introduction | GDAL GeoTransform | Converting to GeoTransform | Converting from GeoTransform | World Files | Converting to World File Format | GDAL RasterIO | Converting Extent to RasterIO Window | Using with vapour or stars | Converting to sf-style RasterIO | VRT Files | Extracting Extent from VRT | Practical Example: Pre-computing Read Parameters | Practical Example: Creating Aligned Grids | Summary

Overview | SQLITE dialect (default) | Spatial SQL functions | GDAL-native functions (no SpatiaLite needed) | SpatiaLite functions (need SpatiaLite-enabled GDAL) | OGRSQL dialect | Direct SQL | GDAL quirks | Arrow stream interface | Geometry formats | Global options

Examples | A polar example | Create the graticule as polygons | Comparison to tools in sp and rgdal | Notes | Terminology | References | Environment

Rasterizing polygons without pixels: the controlledburn story | Inside exactextract | The gap | gridburn: proving the vendor | The key insight | denseburn: the refactor | Coming home to controlledburn | Validation | What's next

Finding services | Discovering layers | Inspecting layers before downloading | Reading features | Multiple layers, same area | Spatial operations with geos | Working with different service types

Overview | The catalog | Chunking strategies | URL formats | *_gdal — zero configuration (recommended) | *_gdals3 — S3 protocol | *_s3 — S3 URI | *_url — raw HTTPS | Typical workflow | Refreshing the catalog | Why this works

Contents | Example Locations | MGRS - Military Grid Reference System | Basic Conversion | Understanding MGRS Codes | Precision Levels | Polar Regions (UPS) | Vectorized Operations | Geohash | The Truncation Property | Resolution by Length | Finding Required Length for Precision | Southern Hemisphere Examples | GARS - Global Area Reference System | GARS for Antarctic Locations | Georef - World Geographic Reference System | Georef for Flight Planning | Comparison of Systems | GeoCoords - Universal Coordinate Parsing | Parsing Various Formats | Parsing Multiple Coordinates | Integration with Other Functions | DMS - Degrees, Minutes, Seconds Conversion | Parsing DMS Strings | Parsing Coordinate Pairs | Parsing Angles and Azimuths | Encoding to DMS Strings | Output Formats | Splitting and Combining Components | Round-Trip Conversion | Integration with GeoCoords | See Also

Contents | Example Locations | The Inverse Problem: Distance and Bearing | Basic Distance Calculation | Understanding Azimuth | Distances Between Cities | Antarctic Distances | The Direct Problem: Finding Destinations | Basic Direct Calculation | Creating a "Circle" of Destinations | Antarctic Traverse Planning | Geodesic Paths | Sydney to London Great Circle | Antarctic Circle Path | Trans-Antarctic Path | Distance Matrices | City Distance Matrix | Antarctic Station Distances | Cross-Matrix: Cities to Antarctic Stations | Rhumb Lines (Loxodromes) | Geodesic vs Rhumb | East-West Travel | Rhumb Path | Polygon Area | Antarctic Ice Shelf Area | Multiple Polygons | Winding Direction Matters | Exact vs Fast Geodesic | Performance Comparison | Geodesic Intersections | Closest Intersection | Segment Intersection | Non-Intersecting Segments | Next Intersection | All Intersections Within a Distance | Practical Example: Great Circle Route Crossings | Vectorized Operations | Nearest Neighbor Search | Basic k-Nearest Neighbors | Multiple Query Points | Radius Search | Self-Search for Clustering | Distance Matrix | Performance | See Also

Contents | MGRS - Military Grid Reference System package provides R bindings to the | MGRS - Military Grid Reference System | UTM/UPS - Universal Transverse Mercator | Geohash | GARS - Global Area Reference System | Georef - World Geographic Reference System | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection | Azimuthal Equidistant Projection | Cassini-Soldner Projection | Gnomonic Projection | OSGB - Ordnance Survey National Grid | Local Cartesian (ENU) Coordinates | Geocentric (ECEF) Coordinates | WGS84 Ellipsoid | Geodesic Calculations | Inverse problem: distance and bearing between points | Direct problem: destination from start, bearing, and distance | Geodesic paths | Distance matrix | Rhumb Lines (Loxodromes) | Polygon Area | Polar Regions | Performance | Further Reading

Contents | Example Locations | Geocentric (ECEF) Coordinates | Basic Conversion | Understanding ECEF | Height Above Ellipsoid | Antarctic Stations in ECEF | Round-trip Conversion | GPS Applications | Local Cartesian (ENU) Coordinates | Local Survey Application | Including Height | Robotics/Navigation Application | WGS84 Ellipsoid Properties | Basic Parameters | Earth's Shape | Radii of Curvature | Circle of Latitude Properties | Auxiliary Latitudes | Combining Coordinate Systems | GNSS Data Processing | Antarctic Field Survey | Coordinate System Summary | See Also

Contents | Example Locations | UTM/UPS - Universal Transverse Mercator | Basic Conversion | Understanding UTM Zones | Polar Regions (UPS) | Round-trip Conversion | Transverse Mercator (Custom) | Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) | Single Standard Parallel | Two Standard Parallels | LCC for Antarctica | Albers Equal Area | Two Standard Parallels (Most Common) | CONUS Albers (US Standard) | Antarctic Albers | Why Equal-Area Matters | Polar Stereographic | Antarctic Stations | Arctic Points | Pole at Origin | Azimuthal Equidistant | Distances from Sydney | Distances from South Pole | Cassini-Soldner Projection | Regional Mapping | Cassini for Antarctic Survey | Gnomonic Projection | Great Circle Routes Appear Straight | Route Planning | OSGB - Ordnance Survey National Grid | Grid References | Projection Comparison | See Also

Constrained triangulation of polygons | Example | Performance for developers | Orientation | Comparing paths and triangles | A geographic example | Variants | Performance

Raster data | OGRSQL | SQL Dialect | GDAL information

Grid logic | Another example

Installation | Usage | Performance | About

Example | Geometry collection is in development | Chaining together operations | Holes better work (or else)

What is PROJ? | Why PROJ? | What systems are supported? | How to use PROJ?

ALL | IJ | IA | FA

tabularaster | Examples | Simple examples | as tibble | Warnings | Applied example | Extract cell numbers | Extract cells from rasters

References

Topographic example

quadmesh | Why quadmesh? | Triangle mesh | Discrete forms | Quadmesh is a special case | Topology and geometry are completely separable | Geometry is purely a table of attributes | Point clouds are pure geometry | Polygons and lines in GIS are piecewise graphs

Design | R functions using src/ | Rcpp package using quad.h | Headers

R's matrix and array | Geographic raster | Internal storage of data in raster | Band order in raster native .grd format | ff can "map" these raw binary files