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geodist - Fast, Dependency-Free Geodesic Distance Calculations

Dependency-free, ultra fast calculation of geodesic distances. Includes the reference nanometre-accuracy geodesic distances of Karney (2013) <doi:10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z>, as used by the 'sf' package, as well as Haversine and Vincenty distances. Default distance measure is the "Mapbox cheap ruler" which is generally more accurate than Haversine or Vincenty for distances out to a few hundred kilometres, and is considerably faster. The main function accepts one or two inputs in almost any generic rectangular form, and returns either matrices of pairwise distances, or vectors of sequential distances.

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11.77 score 96 stars 41 dependents 366 scripts 3.6k downloads

fasterize - Fast Polygon to Raster Conversion

Provides a drop-in replacement for rasterize() from the 'raster' package that takes polygon vector or data frame objects, and is much faster. There is support for the main options provided by the rasterize() function, including setting the field used and background value, and options for aggregating multi-layer rasters. Uses the scan line algorithm attributed to Wylie et al. (1967) <doi:10.1145/1465611.1465619>. Note that repository originally was hosted at 'Github' 'ecohealthalliance/fasterize' but was migrated to 'hypertidy/fasterize' in March 2025, and can be found indexed on 'R universe' <https://cran.r-universe.dev/fasterize>.

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rasterrcpprcpparmadillosfspatialcpp

11.35 score 187 stars 10 dependents 1.5k scripts 2.2k downloads

PROJ - Generic Coordinate System Transformations Using 'PROJ'

A wrapper around the generic coordinate transformation software 'PROJ' that transforms coordinates from one coordinate reference system ('CRS') to another. This includes cartographic projections as well as geodetic transformations. The intention is for this package to be used by user-packages such as 'reproj', and that the older 'PROJ.4' and version 5 pathways be provided by the 'proj4' package.

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proj

9.92 score 16 stars 15 dependents 143 scripts 2.3k downloads

vapour - Access to the 'Geospatial Data Abstraction Library' ('GDAL')

Provides low-level access to 'GDAL' functionality. 'GDAL' is the 'Geospatial Data Abstraction Library' a translator for raster and vector geospatial data formats that presents a single raster abstract data model and single vector abstract data model to the calling application for all supported formats <https://gdal.org/>. This package is focussed on providing exactly and only what GDAL does, to enable developing further tools.

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cppgdalgdal-apicpp

9.76 score 91 stars 5 dependents 63 scripts 1.3k downloads

silicate - Common Forms for Complex Hierarchical and Relational Data Structures

Generate common data forms for complex data suitable for conversions and transmission by decomposition as paths or primitives. Paths are sequentially-linked records, primitives are basic atomic elements and both can model many forms and be grouped into hierarchical structures. The universal models 'SC0' (structural) and 'SC' (labelled, relational) are composed of edges and can represent any hierarchical form. Specialist models 'PATH', 'ARC' and 'TRI' provide the most common intermediate forms used for converting from one form to another. The methods are inspired by the simplicial complex <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial_complex> and provide intermediate forms that relate spatial data structures to this mathematical construct.

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hierarchical-datasimplicial-complexspatial-datastructural-primitivestopologytriangulation

8.75 score 55 stars 7 dependents 122 scripts 406 downloads

ncmeta - Straightforward 'NetCDF' Metadata

Extract metadata from 'NetCDF' data sources, these can be files, file handles or servers. This package leverages and extends the lower level functions of the 'RNetCDF' package providing a consistent set of functions that all return data frames. We introduce named concepts of 'grid', 'axis' and 'source' which are all meaningful entities without formal definition in the 'NetCDF' library <https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf>. 'RNetCDF' matches the library itself with only the named concepts of 'variables', 'dimensions' and 'attributes'.

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8.10 score 13 stars 13 dependents 227 scripts 3.6k downloads

decido - Bindings for 'Mapbox' Ear Cutting Triangulation Library

Provides constrained triangulation of polygons. Ear cutting (or ear clipping) applies constrained triangulation by successively 'cutting' triangles from a polygon defined by path/s. Holes are supported by introducing a bridge segment between polygon paths. This package wraps the 'header-only' library 'earcut.hpp' <https://github.com/mapbox/earcut.hpp> which includes a reference to the method used by Held, M. (2001) <doi:10.1007/s00453-001-0028-4>.

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cpp

8.06 score 16 stars 17 dependents 21 scripts 2.2k downloads

geographiclib - Access to 'GeographicLib'

Bindings to the 'GeographicLib' C++ library <https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/> for precise geodetic calculations including geodesic computations (distance, bearing, paths, intersections), map projections (UTM/UPS, Transverse Mercator, Lambert Conformal Conic, and more), grid reference systems (MGRS, Geohash, GARS, Georef), coordinate conversions (geocentric, local Cartesian), and polygon area on the WGS84 ellipsoid. All functions are fully vectorized.

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cpp

7.32 score 9 stars 3 dependents 11 scripts 1.3k downloads

controlledburn - Sparse Geometry Rasterization with Exact Coverage Fractions

Rasterize polygon, line, and point geometry without materializing any pixel values. For polygons it computes exact coverage fractions for polygon-grid intersections, returning sparse tables: run-length encoded interior cells and individually weighted boundary cells. The scanline algorithm is O(perimeter) in both time and memory, using the scan line fill attributed to Wylie et al. (1967) <doi:10.1145/1465611.1465619>. Exact coverage fractions use the exactextract algorithm by Daniel Baston, vendored from the 'exactextractr' package <doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.exactextractr>. Derived from the 'fasterize' package by Noam Ross.

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compressionlazypolygonsrastercpp

7.10 score 19 stars 20 scripts 213 downloads

quadmesh - Quadrangle Mesh

Create surface forms from matrix or 'raster' data for flexible plotting and conversion to other mesh types. The functions 'quadmesh' or 'triangmesh' produce a continuous surface as a 'mesh3d' object as used by the 'rgl' package. This is used for plotting raster data in 3D (optionally with texture), and allows the application of a map projection without data loss and many processing applications that are restricted by inflexible regular grid rasters. There are discrete forms of these continuous surfaces available with 'dquadmesh' and 'dtriangmesh' functions.

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7.05 score 27 stars 1 dependents 69 scripts 534 downloads

tabularaster - Tidy Tools for 'Raster' Data

Facilities to work with vector and raster data in efficient repeatable and systematic work flow. Missing functionality in existing packages is included here to allow extraction from raster data with 'simple features' and 'Spatial' types and to make extraction consistent and straightforward. Extract cell numbers from raster data and return the cells as a data frame rather than as lists of matrices or vectors. The functions here allow spatial data to be used without special handling for the format currently in use.

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6.92 score 48 stars 86 scripts 397 downloads

ximage - Draw Images of Raster Data and Related Adornments

Draw images easily, set up a plot with an image, specify where that image should be placed. Image plot by default reflects the index of the image data itself, or can be specified in simple extent terms 'xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax'. Numeric matrices, integer arrays, byte arrays, character arrays, and native rasters are supported. Flat vectors are supported in a limited sense with a heuristic to guess at the likely dimensionality and some helpers. A combination of image() and rasterImage() from the 'graphics' package with their good features in one place.

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6.64 score 9 stars 1 dependents 20 scripts 230 downloads

ceramic - Download Online Imagery Tiles

Download imagery tiles to a standard cache and load the data into raster objects. Facilities for 'AWS' terrain <https://registry.opendata.aws/terrain-tiles/> terrain and 'Mapbox' <https://www.mapbox.com/> servers are provided.

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6.59 score 95 stars 163 scripts 350 downloads

wkpool - Vertex Pool Topology for Well-Known Geometry

Establishes and maintains vertex pool topology for geometry handled by 'wk'. Segments are the atomic unit, vertices are shared via integer references into a pool. Topology is made discoverable via coincident vertex detection while not requiring modification of the input data. Topological data models follow principles described in Worboys and Duckham (2004, ISBN:978-0415283755). The edge-based topology geometry decomposed into vertices and directed edge pairs is a simplification of the quad-edge case in Guibas & Stolfi (1985) <doi:10.1145/282918.282923>.

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cpp

6.45 score 6 stars 1 dependents 13 scripts 351 downloads

graticule - Meridional and Parallel Lines for Maps

Create graticule lines and labels for maps. Control the creation of lines or tiles by setting their placement (at particular meridians and parallels) and extent (along parallels and meridians). Labels are created independently of lines.

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6.43 score 17 stars 1 dependents 106 scripts 536 downloads

textures - Quad Mesh Primitives and Texture Mapping for Grids

Generate quad mesh primitives from the compact specification of a regular grid, its dimension and extent. Provides fast generation of mesh indexes and vertices, an unexpanded intermediate form (the grid edge coordinates), and a compact serializable specification for meshes that are generated on demand. Meshes are 'mesh3d' objects as used by the 'rgl' package, constructed without requiring any graphics engine, with support for texture mapping (Heckbert (1986) <doi:10.1109/MCG.1986.276672>) where an image is draped over a mesh whose density is independent of the image resolution. A C++ header library is installed so that other packages may generate mesh components via 'LinkingTo'.

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cpp

6.36 score 11 stars 2 dependents 23 scripts 231 downloads

vaster - Raster Grid Logic and Alignment

Provides raster grid logic, operations that describe a discretized rectangular domain and do not require access to materialized data. Grids are arrays with dimension and extent, and many operations are functions of dimension only: number of columns, number of rows, or they are a combination of the dimension and the extent the range in x and the range in y in that order. Here we provide direct access to this logic without need for connection to any materialized data or formats. Grid logic includes functions that relate the cell index to row and column, or row and column to cell index, row, column or cell index to position. These methods are described in Loudon, Wheeler, Andrew (1980) <doi:10.1016/0098-3004(80)90015-1>, and implementations were in part derived from Hijmans (2024) <doi:10.32614/CRAN.package.terra>.

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raster

6.20 score 8 stars 4 dependents 47 scripts 318 downloads

lazysf - Delayed Read for 'GDAL' Vector Data Sources

Lazy read for drawings. A 'dplyr' back end for data sources supported by 'GDAL' vector drivers, that allows working with local or remote sources as if they are in-memory data frames. Basic features work with any drawing format ('GDAL vector data source') supported by the 'gdalraster' package.

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spatial-gdal-sf-dbi

5.95 score 30 stars 10 scripts 403 downloads

reproj - Coordinate System Transformations for Generic Map Data

Transform coordinates from a specified source to a specified target map projection. This uses the 'PROJ' library directly, via the 'PROJ' package. The 'reproj()' function is generic, methods may be added to remove the need for an explicit source definition. This is for use primarily to transform generic data formats and direct leverage of the underlying 'PROJ' library. (There are transformations that aren't possible with 'PROJ' and that are provided by the 'GDAL' library, a limitation which users of this package should be aware of.) The 'PROJ' library is available at <https://proj.org/>.

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5.94 score 3 stars 13 dependents 35 scripts 2.1k downloads

sds - Spatial Data Sources

Descriptions of spatial data sources that can be read directly with or without download. Most sources are readable by 'GDAL' software. There are functions for imagery, elevation, and a variety of easily accessible data streams including image tile servers, links to online files, and geographic data services.

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5.81 score 8 stars 2 dependents 18 scripts 398 downloads

crsmeta - Extract Coordinate System Metadata

Obtain coordinate system metadata from various data formats. There are functions to extract a 'CRS' (coordinate reference system, <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_reference_system>) in 'EPSG' (European Petroleum Survey Group, <http://www.epsg.org/>), 'PROJ4' <https://proj.org/>, or 'WKT2' (Well-Known Text 2, <http://docs.opengeospatial.org/is/12-063r5/12-063r5.html>) forms. This is purely for getting simple metadata from in-memory formats, please use other tools for out of memory data sources.

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5.50 score 6 stars 21 dependents 4 scripts 1.7k downloads

anglr - Mesh Topology and Visualization for Spatial Data

Gives direct access to generic 3D tools and provides a full suite of mesh-creation and 3D plotting functions. By extending the 'rgl' package conversion and visualization functions for the 'mesh3d' class a wide variety of complex spatial data can be brought into 3D scenes. These tools allow for spatial raster, polygons, and lines that are common in 'GIS' contexts to be converted into mesh forms with high flexibility and the ability to integrate disparate data types. Vector and raster data can be seamlessly combined as meshes, and surfaces can be set to have material properties based on data values or with image textures. Textures and other data combinations use projection transformations to map between coordinate systems, and objects can be easily visualized in an interactive scene at any stage. This package relies on the 'RTriangle' package for high-quality triangular meshing which is licensed restrictively under 'CC BY-NC-SA 4.0'.

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5.45 score 84 stars 111 scripts 37 downloads

unjoin - Separate a Data Frame by Normalization

Separate a data frame in two based on key columns. The function unjoin() provides an inside-out version of a nested data frame. This is used to identify duplication and normalize it (in the database sense) by linking two tables with the redundancy removed. This is a basic requirement for detecting topology within spatial structures that has motivated the need for this package as a building block for workflows within more applied projects.

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5.10 score 12 stars 7 dependents 5 scripts 636 downloads

guerrilla - Illustrate Various Methods of Interpolation for Irregular Data

Examples of interpolating irregular data, to illustrate the mechanics of various methods and some easy tools to run them.

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4.95 score 15 stars 10 scripts

dsn - Data Source Name and Description Helpers for Use with 'GDAL'

Simple helpers for 'GDAL' data source names ('DSN'), prefix and suffix and other handling. 'GDAL' is the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library <https://gdal.org/>, not used by this package directly.

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4.92 score 7 stars 4 dependents 20 scripts 232 downloads

affinity - Raster Georeferencing, Grid Affine Transforms, Cell Abstraction

Tools for raster georeferencing, grid affine transforms, and general raster logic. These functions provide converters between raster specifications, world vector, geotransform, 'RasterIO' window, and 'RasterIO window' in 'sf' package list format. There are functions to offset a matrix by padding any of four corners (useful for vectorizing neighbourhood operations), and helper functions to harvesting user clicks on a graphics device to use for simple georeferencing of images. Methods used are available from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_file> and <https://gdal.org/user/raster_data_model.html>.

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4.85 score 14 stars 8 scripts 379 downloads

laridae - Constrained Triangulation and Meshing with CGAL

A persistent constrained Delaunay triangulation handle backed by the 'CGAL' (Computational Geometry Algorithms Library) classes 'Constrained_triangulation_plus_2' and 'Delaunay_mesher_2' (The CGAL Project (2026) <https://doc.cgal.org/6.2.1/Manual/packages.html>). Points and constraint segments can be inserted and removed at any time, crossing constraints are resolved by inserting the crossing, and the mesh can be refined by minimum angle, maximum area, or a sizing field that varies with position. Input and output follow the vertices / segments / triangles contract shared with 'cdtr', including per-triangle constraint depth.

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c-plus-pluscgalconstrained-delaunay-triangulationverticescpp

4.78 score 10 stars 8 scripts

sfdct - Constrained Triangulation for Simple Features

Build a constrained high quality Delaunay triangulation from simple features objects, applying constraints based on input line segments, and triangle properties including maximum area, minimum internal angle. The triangulation code in 'RTriangle' uses the method of Cheng, Dey and Shewchuk (2012, ISBN:9781584887300). For a low-dependency alternative with low-quality path-based constrained triangulation see <https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=decido> and for high-quality configurable triangulation see <https://github.com/hypertidy/anglr>. Also consider comparison with the 'GEOS' lib which since version 3.10.0 includes a low quality polygon triangulation method that starts with ear clipping and refines to Delaunay.

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4.73 score 3 stars 36 scripts 296 downloads

whatarelief - Get topography elevation and online imagery data

Obtain elevation data, topography relief for any region on the Earth. Topography and bathymetry data is supported by default. Sensible defaults exist for usage, with a matrix of entire planet topography(and bathymetry) returned. The geographic extent can be modified (from whole-planet) to a simple region in longitude/latitude by 'xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax' range, or by specifying a grid exactly with extent, dimension, projection in generic or spatial formats ('terra' or 'raster'). Online sources for data are used, 'GEBCO' General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) as a background (to ~500m resolution), and Copernicus GLO-30 Digital Elevation Model for higher resolution (to ~30m resolution). Custom source/s of topography may be input to override defaults, links to file/s or URLs as required.

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cloudonlinerasterspatial

4.49 score 52 stars 12 scripts

tissot - Tissot Indicatrix for Map Projection Distortion

Compute and visualize the 'Tissot Indicatrix' for map projections. The indicatrix characterizes projection distortion by computing scale factors, angular deformation, areal distortion, and convergence at arbitrary points. Based on the calculations shared by Bill Huber on <https://gis.stackexchange.com/a/5075/482>. Uses 'PROJ' for coordinate transformation and distortion factor computation. Developed using the method published in Snyder, JP (1987) <doi:10.3133/pp1395>.

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4.45 score 19 stars 5 scripts 236 downloads